Pollution on the High Seas Essay Example

Pollution on the High Seas Paper The most cost effective and simplest solution to this robber is to have shipping companies Start using altered bunker fuel which will reduce the nitrogen-oxide emissions effectively reducing air pollution and having the quickest positive impact on the environment. It has been proven that companies that have developed a Corporate Social Responsibility program are more profitable than those who dont have a CARS. The International Maritime Organization is responsible for setting guidelines for shipping companies to follow, however the guidelines are very difficult to enforce. Introduction Many cargo and cruise ships face environmental challenges within their equines functions. There is the social and ethical responsibility of protecting the environment along with providing cost effective sea faring transportation services. Ships using bunker fuel are creating large amounts of nitrous-oxide emissions which pollute the air, high-grade fuel is available which burns cleaner but is more expensive than bunker fuel. Key Issues Issue 1: Lack of regulation and the ability to enforce environmental protection laws in the sea faring cargo shipping and luxury cruise liner industries is affecting the environment. Environmental agencies are very concerned that the damage o the environment will dramatically escalate. In 1990 land based sulfur dioxide emissions in Europe were about 1 0 times higher than sea- based emissions; by 2030, sea-based emissions will exceed land-based emissions (Griffin, Bert, Starker ; Lang, 201 1 p. 102). Inspections of ships should be conducted to ensure conformity to the International Marine Organization standards. Violators against the regulations should be penalized. Although cruise lines and cargo shipping are different industries, they both need to share the same social responsibility in protecting the environment. Regardless of the industry there needs to be a common commitment to protecting the environment. The following is the environmental policy of Markers Line. (Internet, Markers Line). Our environmental policy In Markers Line we believe container shipping is about creating real and long lasting opportunities and we advocate a balanced, sustainable approach to our business. We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution on the High Seas specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution on the High Seas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution on the High Seas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Although moving goods by sea is the most energy efficient and environmentally friendly mode of transportation, we acknowledge that our energy consumption and emissions as a container shipping line are significant. Therefore Markers Line aim to make containers transportation even more environmentally friendly and cost efficient by continuing to work with and engage all of our stakeholders. For Markers Line, protecting the environment is a question of constant care in the way we use resources, optimism operations and handle waste. Operating vessels in an environmentally sound manner requires a balanced and sustainable approach to long-term economic growth. Our vessels are at the industry forefront in fuel efficiency and implementation of environmentally friendly technologies and we continue to explore ways to improve. Our environmental logic is developed and governed by a dedicated department in Markers Line Health, Safety, and Environment and is deeply ingrained in the core values Of our company. The following is the Health, Environmental, Safety and Security Policy of Carnival Corporation ;PAL (Internet, Carnival Corporation).

5 Types of Awkward Wording to Avoid

5 Types of Awkward Wording to Avoid 5 Types of Awkward Wording to Avoid 5 Types of Awkward Wording to Avoid By Mark Nichol The following five sentences demonstrate various ways a carelessly worded or constructed sentence can fail to communicate the intended idea. A discussion and a revision follows each example. 1. There is a danger of overreaction and a rush to implement poorly thought through laws and regulations. Because the phrase â€Å"thought through† modifies â€Å"laws and regulations,† it should be hyphenated, but that phrasal adjective is awkward, partly because it’s difficult to say and especially because of the similarity of appearance of the constituent words. In such cases, seek one or more words that convey the same idea: â€Å"There is a danger of overreaction and a rush to implement poorly conceived laws and regulations.† 2. The consultant submitted a compliance risk mitigation plan. A string of nouns used as adjectives to modify another noun is grammatically correct (when properly hyphenated, which this example is not) but cumbersome. When more than two or three adjectives appear together like this, unpack the sentence and start over again, beginning with the target noun and using prepositions between the adjectives to relax the statement: â€Å"The consultant submitted a plan to mitigate compliance risk.† 3. That person is the chief ombudsman, which we use here to refer to the department’s director. The dependent clause implies that what is â€Å"used† here is the person, rather than the phrase used to designate that person. The sentence must be revised to clarify that here, â€Å"chief ombudsman† is a description of a person, not the person himself or herself: â€Å"That person is the chief ombudsman, the designation we use here to refer to the department’s director.† 4. We understand that all organizations are unique and can help you with your specific challenges. As constructed, this sentence erroneously suggests that all organizations are unique and that all organizations can help you with your specific challenges. The intended meaning, however, is that the company represented by the writer understands that all organizations are unique; in addition, the company can help the targeted reader with specific challenges. To clarify this distinction, the sentence must be divided into two independent clauses, each of which addresses one of the two distinct points: â€Å"We understand that all organizations are unique, and we can help you with your specific challenges.† 5. While reacting to unexpected surprises and being able to put out fires are essential at times, these capabilities are not sufficient for managing a company in a volatile market. In conversational writing, though and while are interchangeable as conjunctions, but it is best to reserve each word to mean â€Å"despite the fact that,† and â€Å"during the time that† respectively; otherwise, readers might misread the beginning of a sentence or phrase starting with while, thinking that the statement pertains to simultaneous events (â€Å"While [someone was] reacting to [something, something else occurred]†): â€Å"Though reacting to unexpected surprises and being able to put out fires are essential at times, these capabilities are not sufficient for managing a company in a volatile market.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should Know50 Idioms About Fruits and VegetablesWhile vs. Whilst

Work experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Work experience - Essay Example The environment has an influence on the structure of the organization, i.e. the organization may take a more horizontal or a vertical structure. Horizontal organizational structures are great for faster decision making and policy implementation within the organization. Sova offers support for communities. They are of the belief that with the right amount of support, every individual is capable of changing his/her life for the betterment of the whole society, and the very individuals. Sova provides a wide range of services, these include; alcohol and drug support, mentoring offenders, assisting people to return to work, helping individuals improve their skills, support with life skills and offering support to children, other young people and mostly, families. The position which I occupied within the organization was that of a motivator. My service within Sova was as a volunteer motivator, I had a direct connection with the organizational customers. As a motivator, the office which I occupied was the support officer. The role of the support officer was to have a direct meet with the customers of the organization and offer advice on choices, when they were faced with difficulties within life. In addition to that, the support officer served the function of offering therapy talk to the customers. The control which I had in this position was that of the low level management, looking into the operations of the organization. In this position, as par the organizational chart below, I was directly answerable to the project manager, who was in the organization’s middle management level, who in return would report to the area manager. The area manager is answerable to the chief organizational officer. The main management levels within the organization are three, i.e. top level, middle level and low level management. The top level management within Sova is responsible for the overall control of the organization (Helmig,

The Economic Impact of Casino Gambling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Economic Impact of Casino Gambling - Essay Example Person 1 says that casino gambling is licensed, monitored and controlled by the local government or state. As a result, earnings made by casino operators are taxed, over and above payments made for license fees. The local government or the state further uses the tax revenue to run public projects that are healthy for economic growth and development. Fiscal and social costs are the second impact that was highlighted by Person 2. He linked casino gambling to the realization of externalities in the society. While there are positive externalities that relate to gaming and entertainment, Person 2 pointed out a number of social costs in relation to casino gambling. These are: crime, business and employment costs such as lost time on the job, bankruptcy, suicide, illness, direct regulatory costs, family costs such as child neglect and abuse, and abused dollars (Walker, 2010). Person 3 considered the extent to which casino gambling complements other sectors in the economy. Many casino gambling points attract locals and foreigners, many of whom are domestic and international tourists. Casino activities therefore boost tourism, and further extend the underlying benefits to sectors that deal with manufactured products, transport and communication among others. In other words, casino gambling encompasses more than just gaming and entertainment. Person 4 evaluated the effect of casino gambling on state lotteries. The main argument in this point is that gambling is harmful to state lottery. Local governments and states raise significant revenues from lotteries. However, the casino gambling effect on lotteries is negative. Due to low participant activity as compared to casinos, many lottery players are turning to casino gambling. Casinos are also characterized by rapid money exchange, a scenario that exacerbates the need to play. Revenue generation from lotteries therefore decrease as casino gambling increase. Diversity in local government or

Working Mother Base On Attachment Theory

Working Mother Base On Attachment Theory There are increasing number of women continue their careers after given birth to their childs. They are regarded as working mothers, whom are facing many difficulties to keep balance between the work and the family. This phenomenon led to many studies about the effect of maternal employment base on a secure mother-infant attachment.This paper raise the question: many mothers are often confronted with the dilemma of choosing between their jobs or careers, and their children, whether they should come back to work after post partum. The attachment theory in this paper was found by John Bowlby, whom emphasized the importance of mothers attention and care on the infant. He argued that there was a long time last influence on the infant future life. There are also contemporary reasearches suggested that maternal employment have benefits on the family and the infant. The paper analyze the deveopment of mother-infant attachment theories and current studies, to evaluate the positive and negati ve effect to the infant of working mother. Infant-mother attachment Attachment theory was formulated by psychiatrist and psychoanalyst John Bowlby. It is a psychological, evolutionary, and ethological theory concerning relationships between humans pointed out that a young child needs to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for social and emotional development to occur normally . According to his study of attachment theory, infant behaviour associated with attachment is primarily the seeking of proximity to an attachment figure, moreover, secure base and safe haven are the features and function of attachment relationships. Infants become attached to adults who are sensitive and responsive in social interactions with them. Many experts agree that the mother-child attachment bond is the term for our first interactive love relationship-the one we had with our primary caregivers, our mothers. The mother-child attachment bond shapes infants brains, profoundly influencing their self-esteem, their expectations of others, and their ability to attract and maintain successful relationships . Nowadays studies also support that during the early development, the infant-mother interaction and the early social experiences may produce long-lasting changes in the brain of the infant with profound behavioral and emotional effects throughout the whole life . The infant behaviors that have been implicated as resulting from this theoretically compromised mother infant relationship have included slight, transient effects on sociability and affective sharing to results suggesting significant increases in irritability, cognitive delays, behavioral problems, and difficulties with attachment among others . Overall, following attachment theory, the early connection developed between a primary child care provider and an infant is essential for development. Lacking of experience make it difficult for them to handle the issue about this new member and family transition, especially for the first-time parenthood. The success or failure of the attachment bond has a life-long effect in a persons life. Maternal employment and infant attachment Whether and how about the mothers working status affect the infant was a topic of great interest in the 1980s. In the context of mothers increased participation in paid work, attention has also turned to the impact of maternal employment and the use of nonmaternal child care as additional factors likely to affect maternal caregiving and the developing attachment relationship. Many scientists, politicians, and parents were worried about the children, especially infant, would suffer if others but not the moter cared for them most of the time , others argued that such worries were based on oppressive sexist prejudices not data . So debates started, positive or negative influence on the attachment of mother and infant, whether working mothers is taking the responsibility of the infant or not. Why do mothers go to work Why mothers go to work; in Hong Kong society, women go to work for more personal and social reasons than for financial reasons. In traditional society, mothers are performing stereotyped roles as be responsible for the household, such as doing housework, preparing dinner, caring of the children and husband. Now in modern society, women are no longer restricted by the traditional mother and wife role. For the economical reason, they want to make more benefits to the family and gain more independence in economic position. For the education standard, women who achieved high educational qualification, want to apply their knowledge to the work and pursue a successful career, and they are needed by the society. For the changing social norms, women are achieving more equalities in work, morevoer, they are not acted as bad moms when they go to work and pay less attention on the children. The whole society tend to accept working mothers. Though several reasons and conditions mentioned above seem to allow mothers to join the workforce, still many of them face with a dilemma regarding their career and family . Still so many mother feel struggling in the situation of whether to work or not. Negative aspect of working mothers According to the above attachment theories, it is easy to acknowledget the harm that would do to the infant lack of attachment. It is to say that negative influences on the development of secure attachment, or even potentially damaging . Fail to provide the child with sufficient structure, recognition, understanding, safety, and mutual accord may lead to become physically and emotionally distant in relationships in later relationship, remain insecure, become disorganized, aggressive and angry, and develop slowly. . A working mother is tend to create an insecure and inconsistent attachment. Stifter, Coulehan, and Fish , found no significant connections between work status and attachment security, but did caught the public attention of the consideration and inclusion of other variables such as maternal separation anxiety and maternal sensitivity. Specially the research did find that infants of mothers who were employed but reported high work-related separation anxiety were more likely to develop anxious-avoidant attachments. And then, a finding suggested that employed mother were less invested in parenthood and had high level of anxiety , implied high anxiety would get in the way of taking good care of the infant. A baby is supposed to grow up to be loving, well adjusted individual. A full-time employed mother would have missed out on being there and watching the baby from up close. These are important formative period, as a mothers instinct, want to be around to strengthen the attachment bond between mother and infant. The effects of maternal employment of secure mother-infant attachment relationship to be negative of majority according to those researches. These evidences support the hypothesis that working mothers increase the risk of some undesirable outcomes, espacilly in the babys first year. Positive aspect of working mothers Do maternal employment have an adverse effect on the children? The answer may be no. In fact, mothers with careers have a positive impact on children, as they serve as good role models. A study in Australia found no relation between maternal employment and infant attachment. In the early study, Bowlby insisted that separation from the mother should be kept to a minimum . However, in the further study, he developed his statement as a subsidiary attachment figure can meet an infants needs adequately in the primary figures absence . In another words, mother was not the only attachment bond to the baby and this finding gave the mother an opportunity to take a breath during the overwhelming duties. She did not need to take the only responsibility to the feedback towards the infant. Later, some scholars emphasized quality but not quantity of the attachment. Too much and too sensative responds to the baby may triggered a spoiling parental style. Prior to an infants self-regulation of external stimuli, parents are responsible . Parents have to learn the difference between too much and too little responds for managing the infant inattentiveness and excessive stimulation. Providing the appropriate amount of feedback for the baby is conducting a healthy attachment bond. I was impressed by a professorss saying that many parents feel very selfish and cruel in leaving their crying young child for the absence time. However, it is not only a beneficial opportunity for her parents, it is also an important lesson in trust for her that you will always be clear about when you are leaving, you will always provide a caring protector while you are gone, and, best of all, you always return to love and protect her . Parents should be comforted that, properly leaving but not always stick to the baby is also buliding a trustful relationship. For the further concern of the baby, Such working mothers tend to emphasise education, and also manage to spend quality time with their children. Talking about the dual income, the standard of living is higher, children get access to better quality education and extra-curricular activities. Acadamic statistic demonstrated this fact: secure parental employment lowers the incidence of poverty and the associated risks to children . The increase in the percentage of children living with a working parent is welcome news, said Duane Alexander, M.D., Director of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health. Secure parental employment helps to reduce the psychological toll on families, brought on by parental unemployment and underemployment.Secure parental employment may also enhance childrens psychological well-being and improve family functioning by reducing stress and other negative effects that unemployment and underemployment can have on parents. Conclusion As we can see, there are pros and cons about maternal employmet. So we still have to deal with this dilemma and make our own decision. I think there are no right or wrong answers in this case. Whether you want to get back to work from the day you stop nursing your child, or whether you want to be a homemaker your entire life is entirely up to you. Some women find joy in the workplace, while others find it at home. In some conditions, women can handle both children and work well though it is a hard task. Maybe having one does not require sacrificing the other.

The Scarlet Ibis :: essays research papers

James Hurst's short story, "The Scarlet Ibis" reveals that the brotherly bond between the narrator and Doodle is an essential component in the story. If Doodle was a girl, the brotherly connection and bond would be lost, resulting in many variations throughout the story. If Doodle was a girl the narrator probably wouldn't spend as much time with Doodle. A brother-brother relationship is very different than a brother-sister relationship. Doodle would likely be closer to another female such as her mother. Young girls tend to spend more time indoors with their mothers learning to sew, playing with dolls and other girl things. Its not that a brother-sister relationship is non-existent, but its a lot different. With Doodle spending more time inside, "she" wouldn't ever experience summers down by the swamp learning to run, box and climb trees. All of those things are things that little boys do. Brothers spend more time outside running, wrestling and playing sports. They enjoy doing things that take physical skill. Even if Doodle went outside, she probably wouldn't be interested in running through the forest and climbing trees. Chances are that she would be more into picking wildflowers and feeding the squirrels. There are rare occasions where you will find a real special brother-sister relationship, especially at the age Doodle and his brother were at. Younger children often play with other kids of the same gender and thinks the opposite sex has "kuddies." The two children would be at a vulnerable age to risk a close relationship. Close brother and sister relationships don't usually evolve until the mid teenage years. For example I have two older sisters that I am very close with now, but when I was young I didn't want anything to with them. So I began to develop a close relationship with my dad at a young age. That is why I believe that if Doodle was a girl, she would have been connected closer with her mother because of the gender relation. Not as much is expected physically from a girl, therefore I believe Doodle would be handicapped the rest of "her" life.

Leadership Assessment

Leadership Assessment Leadership is defined as the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it, in order to accomplish what you set out to do. People often assume that anyone in a management position is a leader but I find that statement to be false. To be considered a leader, you must have very strong beliefs, and to work hard at your goal and stay focused. A Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the highest ranked executive manager in a corporation and in my opinion one of the most important.A CEO can range from being the founder of a company, the owner of a business, or they have a great significance within the corporation. A CEO’s responsibility can vary depending on how involved he or she is within the corporation. Although there are many tasks at hand in which a CEO bears, such roles can include significant responsibility, accountability, and authority within the organization. CEO is also response for making sure that the vision, mission and overall direction is being followed through properly.Demonstrating these roles is vital to make sure that the organization’s mission is successful. At my previous employer, I worked for a company call Florida Light and Power (FPL) and although I only met our CEO on a few occasion his name was Armando J. Olivera, and his leadership style impacted me greatly. Mr. Olivera’s leadership style was charismatic style and he did it very well. He was always known as a person who had such an enthusiasm attitude and was always positive minded. Mr. Olivera always wanted to give back to people and teach people something new (Salisbury, 2011).His attitude made me want to come to work each day. Mr. Olivera started with the company with back in 1972 as an engineer trainee and became the CEO back in 2003. The CEO would always adhere to the standards and rules and he really set an example of how he expected his employees to act. He always projected himself in a busin esslike manner, and conformed to the rules. He was never the type of person to leave early just because he was the CEO or to take holidays off while the rest of the employees worked.He personally impacted me in a positive manner when I first started. The training period is an intention training that involves several classes that included videos to watch, and during those videos Mr. Olivera was actually in the videos speaking and explaining his vision and what he expects and his story of how he started out. The story really made me look at the company differently and because Mr. Olivera was all about how to make the customer happy and the great lengths that he would endear to make sure that that happened.In order to ensure that FPL employees were always on the right path the CEO would produce training videos for team development that displayed such qualities like integrity, drive, consideration, and self confidence. The CEO always made sure that his expectation was made to be clear a nd the vision and mission statements were followed through properly. FPL vision statement states as followed â€Å"we will be the preferred provider of safe, reliable, cost-effective products and services that satisfy the electricity related needs of all our customer segments† (â€Å"Fpls commitment to,†).Divisional structure was the type of organization structure at FPL. Since FPL was such a large company with over 10,000 employees in the state of Florida, we operated in a wide geographic area and targeted difference areas with difference specialized groups. This was a huge advantage to our company because it helps meet more rapid demands and is able to handle a larger division. This also helped the company move into other forms of energy sources that they could provide to customers. Within the organizational structure at FPL there are levels of hierarchy that distribute the responsibility within the organization.Divisional structure at FPL allows common culture to bu ild and contribute to a higher and better knowledge of the company and its services. (Gillikin) Ethical conduct refers to an organizations moral standards concerning the action of individual members and also the decisions of the organization as a whole. At FPL the CEO has placed this responsibility on to Human Resources to ensure that all employees were following the code of conduct and conducting themselves in the upmost professional manner; no employees including the CEO were exempted from this.As their ethical practices have become an economical benefit for the company, it also prevents disrespectful behavior, bullying between coworkers, prevention between personal phone calls at the companies expense, improper use of company equipment, and excessive sick days etc. The code of ethical conduct has greatly effected the way business is properly conducted. FPL strives to not only do the legal thing but the ethical thing as well in order to ensure our customers with satisfactorily ser vice.FPL has a public image to obtain as they are the largest energy provider in the state of Florida. Also unethical business can not only hurt a companies reputation, but it can prevent prospective employees from choosing to work for FPL. (Vossos) There are many ways to motivate employees, and may different techniques that seem to work better than others. First off the most motivating thing in the work place is money, so offering employees bonuses for reaching a mark or being the leader in sales with a nice bonus will encourage all the employees to work harder and better for the extra money.Many large companies do this to motivate such as google and Microsoft use this technique. Another way to motivate is offer extra time off or paid time off for the employee that has preformed the best for each quarter. The third way to motivate employees would to add some perks for them while they are at work such as child daycare or pay for any food they might want or have free drink machines. These are just a few ways to make the work space more enjoyable and move appealing for employees.The Hawthorne studies in the early nineteenth century examined and studied how managers can motivate employees to work more efficiently, with quality work at the maximum rate of return. One of the areas of information derived from the Hawthorne studies was that something more than pay incentives was improving the employees’ output within work groups. Researchers found that there was improvement in the work due to the fact that employees felt important because someone was studying them at work.One of the concepts that leaders can derive from this historic discovery is that leaders must find ways to motivate and reward their employees besides the perceived rewards of being employed and having a pay incentive. (Cook) Companies today are faced with a host of issues, which may cripple their functionality, or in some extreme cases render the organizations obsolete. For example Kodak onc e a leader and innovator in the photo industry but they fell behind and had to file for bankruptcy.These challenges are dependent on the nature of operations of the company, these challenges face a large amount of different organizations. Technological advancements today are on the increase more than in the previous century. Technology changing creates a problem for businesses because when technology changes the company has to stay up to date with the technology so they would have to teach all there employees how to run the new programs and buying the new technology can be very costly.Another problem companies face generational gaps have created a difficulty in determining consumer behaviors, yet most companies are investing heavily in customer behavior analysis to determine the most appropriate way of matching a customers’ needs. Once again times change and so do customers taste and opinions change and businesses need to stay current with the changes if not they will end up like Kodak. A problem that we can all relate to as of lately is unstable economies and currencies are another factor causing constant instability in the running of corporations.Though this has of late been caused by other external factors such as exchange rates, amount of exports and imports and political factors. There has been a relatively high incidence of economic instability in the recent past. The national economies are recovering from a global economic meltdown today, most organizations have been negatively affected by the meltdown leading to massive layoffs. There are many more challenges that many companies and leaders encounter when managing.Diversity can help organizations compete in global markets by having a plan of other ventures that will bring new technology or and item to the market when a company has more than one option to make money successfully will make the chances of that company higher for them to succeed. or example lets look at Fuji film they diversified th ere company by making lcd screens and medical companies just to name a few things fuji film did to keep there companies head above water.An effective business strategy to address these challenges such as the change in technologies, generation gap, and unstable economies. The first step would be to build a good tech team that can stay on top of the technology an help keep the companies technology up to date. Then the generation gap a company hat has developed great ways to bring in new generations would be google they have done a many things to keep young talented employees to continue to come work for them for a few reasons they build a different environment that draws the new generation in.They also make the work environment more relaxing and stress free. A good way for a company to tackle this issue would be to listen to younger employees ideas and add some relaxing eliminates such as a gym, swimming pool or shona which employees could relieve stress before or after work. Then pre pare for the unstable economies there is a few things that can help with this first being diversifying the companies assets look into other business ventures easier said then dont also expand the company into different economies. A company that has multiple, unrelated businesses.Unrelated businesses are those which require unique management expertise, have different end customers and produce different products or provide different services. One of the benefits  of being a diversified company  is that it buffers a company from dramatic fluctuations in any one industry sector. However, this model  is  also less likely to enable stockholders to realize significant gains or losses because it is not singularly focused on one business. Reference Cook, J. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://thinkingleader. hubpages. om/hub/How-Google-Motivates-their-Employees-with-Rewards-and-Perks FPL’s commitment to quality. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. fpl. com/about/quality/fpls_comm itment_to_quality. shtml (â€Å"Fpls commitment to,† ) Salisbury, S. (2011, December 19). Fpl's ceo to retire after 40 years; successor named. The palm beach post. (Salisbury, 2011) Gillikin, J. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://smallbusiness. chron. com/advantages-disadvantages-divisional-organizational-structure-611. html (Gillikin) Vossos, T. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/info_8660312_ethical-conduct-within-organization. html (Vossos)